Abstract: In the legal perspective, the standard of reliability of expert opinions and construction of regulation system is the requirement of strengthening the review of appraisal opinions. In the U.S., the standard of reliability of scientific evidence had experienced the process of brewing, forming and systemizing. The reform of U.S. in this regard had affected deeply the other Anglo-American countries, such as Canada and the U.K.. These countries had constructed, apart from general standards of evidence review, special standard for the reliability of appraisal opinions and chosen different regulation models according to different situations in their countries. By comparing the reform in these countries, we can sum up some essential factors regarding the model of the reliability standard of appraisal opinions. The construction of regulation system in China can also learn much from the comparison of the reform in these countries. We should establish the standard of reliability of appraisal oppinion in our country and make it as the core of a complete system of regulations for appraisal opinion review.

Key words: appraisal opinion, reliability, competence, standard of review

摘要： 在法律层面上，对科学证据可靠性标准的强调和规范体系的建构是强化对科学证据审查的产物。科学证据可靠性标准在美国经历了一个酝酿、成型并最终不断系统化的过程。美国的可靠性标准改革与建构对加拿大、英国等其他英美法系国家产生了重要的扩展性影响。在改革当中均在证据审查一般性标准之外，这三个国家还着重强调了对专家意见的可靠性标准，与此同时也根据本国的情况建构了不同类型的可靠性标准规范体系。通过对不同国家科学证据可靠性标准改革进程的比较，对可靠性标准的设定模式所考虑的基本要素进行提炼和揭示，进而对我国鉴定意见可靠性标准的法律表达提供诸多借鉴。我国应该在现有制度基础上进一步明确鉴定意见的可靠性标准并将其整合成一个相对完善的规范体系。

关键词: 鉴定意见, 可靠性, 适格性, 审查标准