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2021 Issue 1 (Total No. 0)
Published: 25 February 2021 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Forensic System
Forensic Review
Forensic Science
Forensic Forum
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Forensic System

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The Realization of the Function of Civil Litigation Expert Assessor 一 Start with Medical Damage Liability Dispute Cases LI Xuejun 2021(1): 1-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1449KB) ( )   The 2012 “Civil Procedure Law” stipulated the two functions of expert assessor to appear in court, but the realization of these two functions is insufficient in practice. In this context, this article uses medical damage liability dispute cases to explore the current status of the application of the expert assessor's function, especially when the case involves special problems that cannot be entrusted for appraisal, how to solve the special issues by using the second function of expert assessor. It is found that the court relies too much on the position or qualification of the expert assessor, and the starting procedure of the expert assessor system is single. Therefore, the realization of the function of the expert assessor should focus on the professionalism of the expert assessor; the court should be allowed to organize the expert assessor to demonstrate the relevant specialized issues, and the expert's argumentation opinion should also fall with “expert opinion” rather than the “party statement”. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Pre-Litigation Appraisal Procedure of Civil Cases and its Suggestions 一 Based on the Situation ofPilot Project XI Fei 2021(1): 19-28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1582KB) ( )   At present, there is still no uniformed legal standard for the appraisal procedure before civil action. It leads different views between the theoretical field and judicial practice field. Based on the practice of some courts regarding pre-litigation appraisal procedure of civil cases, the key to determine the legality and efficiency is the answer to the following issues, such as who will lead the pre-litigation appraisal procedure, the selection of appraisal institution, and the scope of appraisal. From the perspective of cognition, the legal position of pre-litigation appraisal falls with judicial appraisal or evidence collection and its advantages to diversify ways to resolve dispute and improve the quality and efficiency of court trial should be affirmed. From the perspective of practice, the double examination of law and technic should be used by the lead of a judge assistant and the participation of appraisers, It can resolve the current legal problem in practice of who will lead the pre-litigation appraisal procedure, and result in the separation of trial and appraisal. This can expand the application scope of pre-litigation appraisal in civil cases. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Review

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The Dried Matrix Spot Micro-sampling Technique and its Application in Forensic Toxicology GUO Caixia 2021(1): 29-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1368KB) ( )   The dried matrix spot （DMS） micro-sampling technique is a form of sample collection and storage, which is formed by the collection of trace biological liquid （such as blood, urine and saliva） on the card and the drying. Compared with the traditional sampling method, DMS micro-sampling technique has obvious advantages: small sample size, simple sample processing, convenient storage and transportation, it has been applied in the field of epidemiological investigation, toxicological monitoring, pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. In order to promote the development and application of DMS micro-sampling technology in forensic toxicology and the progress of identification technology, this paper reviewed the methods of sample collection, storage stability, sample processing and analysis of DMS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the Study of Post-concussion Syndrome and Psychiatric Impairment Assessment ZHANG Qinting 2021(1): 39-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1522KB) ( )   Due to the subjectivity of symptoms and the lack of evidence provided by the current objective examination methods, as well as the problems of camouflage and exaggeration resulted from the compensation psychology, the opinions to the disability assessment of the patients with post-concussion syndrome are not consistent highly. In the dispute of compensation for human injury, the disability assessment of patients with post-concussion syndrome has become a controversial point and difficult items in forensic psychiatry assessment. This article reviews the changes of concussion and its related terms, the incidence, symptoms and diagnostic criteria of post-concussion syndrome, the status quo and future development direction of objective evaluation technology and disability evaluation, in order to improve the understanding of concussion and post-concussion syndrome and the consistency of the evaluation opinion to the psychiatric disability of the patient with post-concussion syndrome. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Science

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Determination of 36 Fentanyl Analogs in Human Hair by HPLC-MS/MS WU Jianmei 2021(1): 48-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1325KB) ( )   Objective A rapid qualitative and quantitative method for the detection of 36 fentanyl analogs in human hair simultaneously was established, and this method was applied in actual cases. Methods The hair sample was determined by HPLC-MS/MS using MRM （multiple reaction monitor） mode, and separated on chromatographic column Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 （100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm） with mobile phase consisting of methanol-aqueous solution of 0.1% formic acid （V/V）, gradient elution. The hair samples were washed with 0.1% SDS, water and acetone successively. Then the hair samples were ground into a powder, weighted 20 mg, soaked with 1mL methanol for 18h, added 1mL deionized water, mixed and filtrated the solution with filter membrane, analyzed the solution using HPLC-MS/MS. Results 36 fentanyl analogs can be separated effectively, including that baseline separation of 3 pairs of isomers were achieved. The detection limits of 36 fentanyl analogs were all 0.01 ng·mg-1. The retention time RSDs were less than 0.33%. The quantitative detection was conducted on Fentanyl and Alfentanil, the linear ranges are all 0.01~2 ng.mg-1, and the correlation coefficient were 0.997 and 1 respectively. When the spiked levels were 0.05、0.2、1 ng·mg-1, the average recoveries were between 89.34%~104.80%, the matrix effect was in the range of 96.95%~112.59%, the rang of accuracy was 91.92%~102.34 %, the ranges of intraday and interday relative standard deviations （RSDs） were 0.49%~6.84% and 1.21%~7.00% respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, efficient, accurate and sensitive and it can be used as a monitoring method for the abuse of fentanyl substance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Thin-slice Spiral CT Scan in Forensic Identification of Rib Fractures LV Ming 2021(1): 54-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1788KB) ( )   Objective To clarity the diagnostic value of thin-slice spiral CT scan and its post-processing function for rib fracture. Methods The subjects were 125 appraised persons aged 41 to 80 who underwent radiographic reexamination of rib fracture in this appraisal institute in 2018. All appraised persons underwent thin-slice spiral CT scanning in this appraisal institute. The diagnosis was made according to the on-site CT imaging examination, and the related data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results Among the cases reviewed by our institute, 64 were inconsistent with the original diagnosis. It is founded that 149 rib fractures were missed. The time span ranged from one month to more than two years after injury. The longer the time, the more difficult it is to detect missed diagnosis. Curved planar reconstruction （CPR）, volume rendering （VR） and maximum intensity projection （MIP） have significant differences in the diagnosis of old rib fractures in different time periods. The detection rate of MIP is the highest, followed by VR and CPR, and the detection rate of each method is the lowest. The difference is statistically significant （P<0.01）. Conclusion Different CT imaging methods have their own advantages for the review of rib fracture at different time after injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Polymorphism of 15 Autosomal STR Loci in the Zhuang Ethnic Minority from Yunnan Province. JIA Rulin 2021(1): 60-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (955KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 15 short tandem repeat （STR） loci in 600 Yunnan Zhuang population, and to explore the genetic characteristics of Zhuang population in Yunnan and its application value in forensic science. Methods AmpFLSTR?Identifiler?Direct PCR Amplification Kit was used for PCR amplification of blood samples from 600 Zhuang-independent individuals in this region. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters（observation of heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, individual identification Rate, polymorphic information content） were calculated using Modified Powerstats software , using Arlequin 3.5 software to test the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium of each locus, and then compare the genetic distance of other groups. Results The discriminative power （DP） values of various Zyx loci in Yunnan were distributed between 0.7790 and 0.9744. The cumulative individual recognition probability （CDP） reached 0.999 999 999 999 999 991 56. The non-parent exclusion rate ranged from 0.2869 to 0.7213. The genetic distance between Yunnan Zhuang and Guizhou Buyi, Guizhou Yi, Guangxi Maonan and Guangxi Dai is relatively close. Conclusion The 15 STR loci of this kit are highly polymorphic in Yunnan Zhuang population, which can be used for forensic identification and paternity identification. It can also be used for group genetics ethnic migration, linguistic branching, and sociological customs. whice can Provide basic research data. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Research on the Diachronic Changes of Printed Ink Marks Based on Integral Optical Density DAI Chaolan 2021(1): 65-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1095KB) ( )   Objective Explore the feasibility of using the integrated optical density value to judge the formation time of inscriptions. Methods Through the experiment， using Image-pro plus software to collect and record the integrated optical density data of the experimental samples of different time periods, and using the relevant data and analysis method to count and analyze the integral optical density data of three kinds of brand printing oil and printing mud cover inscriptions. Results It was found that the numerical value decreased rapidly during the period of 1-120 d, and the it decreased slowly during the period of 120-380 d. The value basically tends to be stabilized after 380 d. Conclusion it is considered that the integral optical density value of the inscription decreases with the increase of the formation time, and the numerical value tends to be stable after a certain time ,and the correlation is more obvious within 120 d. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Application of DESI一HRMS-HDI in the Ink Identification of the Signature Pen WU Biyue 2021(1): 69-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1560KB) ( )   Objective A new identification technology was established through desorption electrospray ionization （DESI）-Time of Flight Mass spectrometry imaging（TOFMS-HDI） technology in this paper. Methods 90 samples of “11” prepared by 10 black signature pens to “47” were tested. Results The original handwriting “11” could be showed in two-dimensional images. Conclusion DESI MS-HDI technology is an effective document inspection technique without the need for sample pretreatment, which is easily used under the atmospheric pressure and non-destructive inspection and suitable for document identification and tampering with document identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Diachronic Change of Solvents in Black Gel Ink Entries by TDS-GC/MS SUN Qiran 2021(1): 73-77.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1372KB) ( )   Objective To study the diachronic change of volatile solvents in seven black gel ink entries by thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （TDS-GC/MS）. Methods Seven black gel ink pens of different brands were used to make ink samples on A4 paper and notebook. Then samples were taken at different time points, and analyted by the established TDS-GC/MS method for ethylence glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol in the ink for more than 200 days. Results The content of ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol in 6 gel ink pens decreased significantly within 2 months, while the content of diethylene glycol in the other pen decreased significantly within 5 months. The diachronic change of the analytes can be fitted into a power function or a logarithmic function. Different paper and ink formula have an impact on the results. Conclusion The content of volatile solvents in black gel ink entries decreases with time. The established TDS-GC/MS method can provide a basis for judging whether the questioned ink sample is at a stage where the solvent changes significantly. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Forum

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An Empirical Study on Defendant's Application for Reappraisal of Judicial Status — Based on the Driminal Judgement Documents of the National Courts in 2019 PEI Jingjing 2021(1): 78-82.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1185KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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The Return of Socialization of Judicial Appraisal Institutions in China YUAN Lihui 2021(1): 83-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (910KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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On Web Site Illegal Behavior Forensics Method Based on Reverse Engineering XIONG Jianying 2021(1): 86-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (5301KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Understanding and Application of “Classification of Disability Degree of Human Body Injury” — About Female Sexual Organ Injury SHEN Hanjian 2021(1): 91-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1452KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-vehicle Crash Process Analysis Based on Multi-information Fusion TAN Zhengping 2021(1): 98-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1872KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

Litigation and Case Report

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One Case of Allele 7 of D1S1656 Locus Was Found and Identified for the First Time in China CHEN Chong 2021(1): 105-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1559KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Medicical Identification of Severe Craniocerebral Injury Complicated with Pendulous Pneumonia and Severe Drug Eruption Method Caused by Traffic Accident SHI Fuxia 2021(1): 108-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.01.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1038KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics